Secular trends in suicidal ideation and associated factors among adolescents

Objectives: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in adolescence, and the second most common cause of death among young people. The objective of this study was to identify trends in suicidal ideation by sex and ascertain factors associated with this outcome. Methods: Secular trend study with statewide coverage conducted at 5-year intervals, with 4,207 adolescents (2006), 6,264 adolescents (2011) and 6,026 adolescents (2016). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the secular trend of suicidal ideation. Multilevel logistic regressions evaluated the factors associated with suicidal ideation in the survey conducted in 2016. Results: There was a positive trend in suicidal ideation prevalence in 2016 compared to the prevalence in 2006 and 2011, in both boys and girls. Low social support, poor sleep quality, and low parental supervision were associated with suicidal ideation in boys and girls. Exposure to violence and bullying was associated with suicidal ideation only in girls. TV time and computer and videogame time were not associated with suicidal ideation in boys or girls. Conclusion: There is an alarming trend of increased suicidal ideation in adolescents. Several dimensions were associated with suicidal ideation in adolescents, especially social support, sleep quality, and parental supervision.

Depression and quality of life in older adults on hemodialysis

Objective: Depression is highly prevalent in hemodialysis patients, but few studies have evaluated older hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression, its associated factors and its impact on quality of life in an older population on hemodialysis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 173 hemodialysis patients aged 60 years or older in Recife, Brazil. Depression was evaluated using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview when depressive symptoms (according to the 5-item Geriatric Depression Scale) were present. Quality of life was assessed with the Control, Autonomy, Self-realization and Pleasure Questionnaire (CASP-16). Data were also collected on sociodemographic, laboratory (albumin, parathormone, hemoglobin, and phosphorus) and dialysis (dialysis vintage, vascular access and hemodialysis adequacy) characteristics. Results: Depression was present in 22.5% of the sample. Depressed patients presented low CASP-16 quality of life scores (31.6 vs. 24.2, p < 0.001), twice the odds of albumin levels < 3.8 g/dL (OR 2.36; 95%CI 1.10-5.07; p = 0.027) and higher parathormone levels (OR 1.06; 95%CI 1.00-1.13; p = 0.05). Conclusion: Older hemodialysis patients have a high prevalence of depression. Depressed patients presented poor quality of life, lower serum albumin and higher parathormone levels. Teams dealing with older hemodialysis patients should include depression and quality of life assessments in care protocols.

Folie à deux (transtorno delirante induzido) / Folie à deux (induced delusional disorder)

RESUMO Folie à deux, ou transtorno delirante induzido, é uma síndrome rara caracterizada por transferência de delírios de um sujeito considerado primariamente psicótico para um ou mais sujeitos considerados secundários em relação à origem do delírio. Apesar de ser um diagnóstico considerado raro, e até por isso esquecido nos tratados psiquiátricos atuais, nosso artigo descreve um caso de folie à deux entre mãe (sujeito delirante primário) e filha (paciente previamente saudável e secundariamente psicótica) que teve sucesso terapêutico e evolução muito favorável. Apesar de nosso caso ter tido evolução favorável, há relatos na literatura de desfechos trágicos como infanticídio. Além disso, nosso artigo chama atenção para alguns aspectos importantes. Primeiro, quadros de folie à deux podem ocorrer em muitas situações, e não só em confinamentos, diferentemente do que os sistemas classificatórios atuais tendem a fazer. Igualmente, não são tão raros como se supõe. Por último, os clínicos devem estar atentos a possíveis problemas psiquiátricos não reconhecidos no indivíduo considerado secundário.

ABSTRACT Folie à deux, or induced delusional disorder, is a rare syndrome characterized by transfer of delusions from a primary subject to one or more secondary subjects. Though a diagnosis considered rare and even so forgotten in current psychiatric treated our article describes a case of folie à deux between mother (primary delusional subject) and daughter (previously healthy and secondary psychotic subject) had therapeutic success and evolution very favorable. Although our case had favorable development, there are reports in the literature tragic outcomes as infanticide. In addition, our article draws attention to some important aspects. First, folie à deux frames can occur in many situations and not only in feedlots, unlike the current classification systems tend to do. Also, they are not as rare as it is supposed. Finally, clinicians should be alert to possible psychiatric problems not recognized in the individual considered secondary.

Happiness and health in psychiatry: what are their implications?

Happiness is a lasting state and is associated with the absence of negative emotions, the presence of positive emotions, life satisfaction, social engagement and objectives in life. Researchers have demonstrated the benefits of happiness in many aspects of life, but few studies have been conducted within psychiatry. Objectives: To develop a critical literature review of studies on happiness and health in order to bring some further and useful information to psychiatry updating the article “Happiness: a review” published in 2007 in Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica. Methods: Computational searching was undertaken of digital data basis (PubMed and SciELO) using the keywords “happiness” and “health”. One hundred twenty-seven papers published between 2004 and 2014 were found, but only 76 had the keywords in the title or abstract and with this were selected. Results: Personality traits, such as self-direction; being married; being involved in physical and leisure activities; higher educational backgrounds and intelligence quotient; religiosity, volunteering and altruism; good physical and mental health; were positively related to happiness. Discussion: Analysis of the concept of happiness and its associated emotions may be more complex than describing the symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Despite this, the study of happiness brings several positive implications for psychiatry...

Quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis under biological therapy / Qualidade de vida de portadores de artrite reumatoide em terapia biológica.

Summary Objective: assessing health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), before and after treatment with biological therapy. Methods: a longitudinal study, conducted from November 2010 to September 2011, with implementation of the instruments HAQ II (health assessment questionnaire) and SF-36 (medical outcomes short-from health survey). Barlett test, Anova, Friedman and paired t-test were performed for multiple extracts. Results: 30 patients were evaluated, mean age of 47.6 (SD: 12.25) years and prevalence of females (90%). The mean score of HAQ II before treatment was 1.97, with significant reduction of up to 1.23 after six months of biological therapy (p<0.01). Most of the SF-36 domains showed significant improvement after six months of treatment (p<0.01), highlighting the social aspects, pain, physical functioning, emotional issues, vitality and physical aspects. Conclusion: the use of biologic therapy in patients with RA refractory to standard therapies proved to be an important pharmacological strategy for improving HRQL. .

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) em portadores de artrite reumatoide (AR), antes e após o tratamento com terapia biológica. Métodos: estudo longitudinal, realizado no período de novembro de 2010 a setembro de 2011, com aplicação dos instrumentos HAQ II (Health Assessment Questionnaire) e SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Short-From Health Survey). Foram realizados testes de Barlett, Anova, Friedman e teste- t pareado para múltiplos extratos. Resultados: foram avaliados 30 pacientes, com idade média de 47,6 (DP: 12,25) anos e prevalência do gênero feminino (90%). A média do escore do HAQ II antes do tratamento foi de 1,97, com diminuição significativa de até 1,23 após seis meses de uso de terapia biológica (p<0,01). A maioria dos domínios do SF-36 apresentou significativa melhora após seis meses de tratamento (p< 0,01), destacando os aspectos sociais, dor, capacidade funcional, aspectos emocionais, vitalidade e aspectos físicos. Conclusão: o uso de terapia biológica em pacientes com AR, refratários aos tratamentos tradicionais, demonstrou ser uma importante estratégia farmacológica para a melhoria da QVRS. .

Modificações da qualidade de vida sexual de obesos submetidos à cirurgia de Fobi-Capella / Changes the sexual quality of life of the obeses submitted Fobi-Capella gastroplasty surgery

OBJETIVO: Analisar as modificações na qualidade de vida sexual de obesos, proporcionadas pela redução do peso corpóreo, após a realização da gastroplastia à Fobi-Capella. MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo, prospectivo e longitudinal com cortes transversais, realizado entre março de 2005 e março de 2007, com 21 obesos mórbidos. Critérios de inclusão: idade de 20 a 50 anos, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) =40 Kg/m² e insucesso em tentativas de tratamento clínico para obesidade nos últimos dois anos. Coleta de dados clínicos em prontuários e aplicação de questionário específico com questões relativas à função sexual, realizadas antes e seis meses após a cirurgia. Os escores obtidos foram analisados com o auxilio do programa Epi-Info6, empregando o teste T de student para amostras pareadas. RESULTADOS: O valor total aumentou seis meses após a cirurgia em 76,19 por cento, permaneceu inalterado em 14,29 por cento e diminuiu em 9,52 por cento. Os domínios referentes a função erétil e a relação sexual aumentaram em 71,42 por cento, ao desejo sexual em 52,38 por cento e ao orgasmo em 28,57 por cento. A satisfação sexual aumentou em 57,14 por cento. As médias do valor total e dos seus domínios antes e seis meses após a cirurgia, exceto aquelas referentes ao orgasmo e ao desejo sexual, apresentam diferenças estatisticamente significativas. CONCLUSÃO: A qualidade de vida sexual em homens obesos melhora após a realização da gastroplastia à Fobi-Capella. Evidenciaram-se modificações favoráveis na função sexual desses indivíduos após a perda de peso.

OBJECTIVES: Examine changes in the quality of sexual life of men with morbid obesity offered by a reduction in body weight following Fobi-Capella gastroplasty. METHOD: A quantitative, prospective, longitudinal, cross-sectional study was carried out on 21 men with morbid obesity between March 2005 and March 2007. Inclusion criteria were: aged 20 to 50 years, body mass index (BMI) = 40 kg/m² and failure in attempts of clinical treatment for obesity in the previous two years. Data collection from clinical records and the administering of a specific questionnaire on issues relating to sexual function was performed prior to and six months following surgery. Scores were analyzed with the help of the Epi-Info 6 program, using the Student's t-test for paired samples. RESULTS: The total score increased at the six-month post operative in 76.19 percent; remained unaltered in 14.29 percent; and decreased in 9.52 percent. Scores in areas related to erectile function and sexual relations increased in 71.42 percent; sexual desire increased in 52.38 percent; and orgasms increased in 28.57 percent. General sexual satisfaction increased in 57.14 percent. The average total score and scores on the domains of the questionnaire prior to and six months following surgery revealed statistically significant differences, except those relating to sexual desire and orgasm. CONCLUSION: The quality of sexual life in morbid obese men improves following Fobi-Capella surgery. Favorable changes occurred in sexual function after these individuals underwent this type of bariatric surgery.

The Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders: recruitment, assessment instruments, methods for the development of multicenter collaborative studies and preliminary results / Consórcio Brasileiro de Pesquisa em Transtornos do Espectro Obsessivo-Compulsivo: recrutamento, instrumentos de avaliação, métodos para o desenvolvimento de estudos colaborativos multicêntricos e resultados preliminares

OBJECTIVE: To describe the recruitment of patients, assessment instruments, implementation, methods and preliminary results of The Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, which includes seven university sites. METHOD: This cross-sectional study included a comprehensive clinical assessment including semi-structured interviews (sociodemographic data, medical and psychiatric history, disease course and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses), and instruments to assess obsessive-compulsive (Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale), depressive (Beck Depression Inventory) and anxious (Beck Anxiety Inventory) symptoms, sensory phenomena (Universidade de São Paulo Sensory Phenomena Scale), insight (Brown Assessment Beliefs Scale), tics (Yale Global Tics Severity Scale) and quality of life (Medical Outcome Quality of Life Scale Short-form-36 and Social Assessment Scale). The raters' training consisted of watching at least five videotaped interviews and interviewing five patients with an expert researcher before interviewing patients alone. The reliability between all leaders for the most important instruments (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Universidade de São Paulo Sensory Phenomena Scale) was measured after six complete interviews. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliability was 96 percent. By March 2008, 630 obsessive-compulsive disorder patients had been systematically evaluated. Mean age (±SE) was 34.7 (±0.51), 56.3 percent were female, and 84.6 percent Caucasian. The most prevalent obsessive compulsive symptom dimensions were symmetry and contamination. The most common comorbidities were major depression, generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorder. The most common DSM-IV impulsive control disorder was skin picking. CONCLUSION: The sample was composed mainly by Caucasian individuals, unmarried, with some kind...

OBJETIVO: Descrever o recrutamento de pacientes, instrumentos de avaliação, métodos para o desenvolvimento de estudos colaborativos multicêntricos e os resultados preliminares do Consórcio Brasileiro de Pesquisa em Transtornos do Espectro Obsessivo-Compulsivo, que inclui sete centros universitários. MÉTODO: Este estudo transversal incluiu entrevistas semi-estruturadas (dados sociodemográficos, histórico médico e psiquiátrico, curso da doença e diagnósticos psiquiátricos comórbidos) e instrumentos que avaliam os sintomas do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (Escala para Sintomas Obsessivo-Compulsivos de Yale-Brown e Escala Dimensional para Sintomas Obsessivo-Compulsivos de Yale-Brown), sintomas depressivos (Inventário de Depressão de Beck), sintomas ansiosos (Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck), fenômenos sensoriais (Escala de Fenômenos Sensoriais da Universidade de São Paulo), juízo crítico (Escala de Avaliação de Crenças de Brown), tiques (Escala de Gravidade Global de Tiques de Yale) e qualidade de vida (questionário genérico de avaliação de qualidade de vida, Medical Outcome Quality of Life Scale Short-form-36 e Escala de Avaliação Social). O treinamento dos avaliadores consistiu em assistir cinco entrevistas filmadas e entrevistar cinco pacientes junto com um pesquisador mais experiente, antes de entrevistar pacientes sozinhos. A confiabilidade entre todos os líderes de grupo para os instrumentos mais importantes (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Universidade de São Paulo Sensory Phenomena Scale ) foi medida após seis entrevistas completas. RESULTADOS: A confiabilidade entre avaliadores foi de 96 por cento. Até março de 2008, 630 pacientes com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo tinham sido sistematicamente avaliados. A média de idade (±SE) foi de 34,7 (±0,51), 56,3 por cento eram do sexo feminino e 84,6 por cento caucasianos. Os sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos mais prevalentes foram...

A bulimia nervosa como fator de risco para distúrbios da voz: artigo de revisão / Bulimia nervosa as a risk factor for voice disorders: literature review

A bulimia nervosa é um tipo de transtorno alimentar que tem início na adolescência e que apresenta uma variedade de sintomas, dentre estes, os episódios recorrentes de vômitos que acometem a cavidade oral, podendo alcançar a laringe de forma semelhante ao refluxo gastroesofágico, ocasionando alterações laríngeas e distúrbios na voz. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar através da revista da literatura os estudos que relacionassem a BN como fator de risco para os distúrbios da voz. RESULTADOS: Dos noventa e três artigos levantados, vinte e três foram usados como base para esta revisão, dentre os quais, apenas três referem-se à BN com fator etiológico de alterações na voz em mulheres adultas, não sendo encontrado nenhum trabalho referindo esta relação em adolescentes bulímicos. CONCLUSÃO: Faz-se necessária a observância de sinais e sintomas laríngeos e vocais que possam estar relacionados à BN, em especial nos adolescentes cuja voz passa por significativas mudanças quando do período da muda vocal.

Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a type of feeding disorder that starts in adolescence and presents a variety of symptoms, recurrent vomiting in the oral cavity that may reach down to the larynx - similarly to gastro-esophageal reflux, causing laryngeal and voice disorder alterations. AIM: These studies aimed at surveying the literature and investigate the studies that considered BN a risk factor for voice disorders. RESULTS: of the ninety three papers we found, twenty-three were used as a basis for this review, among them, only three discuss BN as an etiology factor associated with voice changes in adult women, and we did not find any paper associating this with bulimic teenagers. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to observe laryngeal and vocal signs and symptoms associated with BN, especially in teenagers whose voices are going through a period of change.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida em adolescentes: revisão da literatura / Quality of life assessment for adolescents: a literature review

OBJETIVO: Revisar criticamente a disponibilidade de instrumentos de satisfação com a vida utilizados para avaliar a qualidade de vida em adolescentes. MÉTODO: Nesta revisão foram selecionados estudos que utilizavam escalas de satisfação com a vida em adolescentes, exclusivamente. Foram excluídos estudos dirigidos à população em geral, ou que investigassem satisfação na relação com os pais, com cuidadores e com serviços de saúde. Foram consultadas as bases eletrônicas MedLine, Lilacs, PsycINFO, PubMed e Adolec, sendo incluída checagem manual das referências bibliográficas dos artigos selecionados. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 22 estudos conforme os critérios de inclusão, verificando-se a existência de nove escalas de satisfação com a vida, sendo duas variações (abreviada e versão adolescente) da escala de um mesmo autor. Foi adicionada à seleção uma escala de qualidade de vida que continha avaliações de domínios de satisfação com a vida. CONCLUSÃO: As validações das principais escalas são descritas, observando-se o reduzido número de estudos transculturais disponíveis. O uso do conceito de qualidade de vida por meio de instrumentos de satisfação com a vida é relativamente novo, e necessita de estudos mais abrangentes no que diz respeito à cultura e às diferentes realidades econômicas.

OBJECTIVE: Critically review the availability of life satisfaction assessment to measure the quality of life of adolescents. METHOD: This review included life satisfaction scales just for adolescents. Studies from general population, or about the relationship between adolescents and their parents, with health care and with health services were excluded. The following electronic databases were used: MedLine, Lilacs, PsycINFO, PubMed and Adolec, also included consulting the references of selected articles. RESULTS: 22 studies were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted in the review, which includes nine life satisfaction scales, and two of them were versions from the same author (brief form and adolescent version). One quality of life scale which had life satisfaction domains was included. CONCLUSION: The validity of principals scales were related and the reduce of crosscultural research were observe. The concept of quality of life by life satisfaction instruments is almost new and need to include more studies with cultural and economics differences.

Transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica em uma população de obesos mórbidos candidatos a cirurgia bariátrica do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz, em Recife - PE / Binge eating disorder in a population of morbid obese candidates to bariatric surgery at the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital in Recife, PE / Binge eating disorder in a population of morbid obese candidates to bariatric surgery at the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital in Recife, PE

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a freqüência de transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica (TCAP) e dos principais transtornos psiquiátricos associados à obesidade mórbida em indivíduos à espera de cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal. Foram entrevistados pacientes do programa de cirurgia da obesidade do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz e avaliados o perfil sócio-demográfico, a qualidade de vida (escala SF-36), o TCAP (Binge Eating Scale ­ BES) e os transtornos psiquiátricos (Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview ­ M.I.N.I./DSM-IV). RESULTADOS: Dos 400 pacientes inscritos no programa, 67 (16,8 por cento) foram entrevistados. O IMC variou de 36,1 a 81,8 kg/m² (média 48,5 ± 8,8). Todos os entrevistados apresentavam doenças associadas, sendo a HAS, os distúrbios do sono e as osteopatias as mais freqüentes. Os transtornos psiquiátricos mais freqüentes foram: 47,8 por cento transtorno de ansiedade generalizada; 29,9 por cento depressão atual e 34,3 por cento depressão no passado. Verificou-se TCAP em 56,7 por cento dos pacientes (25,4 por cento TCAP moderado e 31,3 por cento, grave) e esses apresentaram os piores escores em todos os domínios de qualidade de vida da escala SF-36. CONCLUSÕES: Constatou-se elevada prevalência de TCAP. Grupo com TCAP apresentou maior número de tratamentos realizados com objetivo de perder peso, elevada prevalência de depressão maior no momento da avaliação, piores escores em todos os domínios da escala de qualidade de vida SF-36. Visto que os portadores de TCAP apresentam vasta psicopatologia e maior probabilidade de comprometimento nos resultados da cirurgia, deve-se aprimorar a detecção desses distúrbios a fim de proporcionar-lhes o tratamento adequado.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the frequency of binge eating disorder (BED) and of the main psychiatric disorders associated with morbid obesity in individuals on the waiting list for bariatric surgery. METHOD: Cross sectional study. Interviews with patients from the Surgery for Obesity Program of Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital were conducted evaluating socio-demographic profile, quality of life (SF-36 scale), BED (Binge Eating Scale ­ BES) and psychiatric disorders (M.I.N.I./DSM-IV). RESULTS: 67 out of 400 patients enrolled in the program were interviewed (16.8 percent). The BMI varied from 36.1 to 81.8 kg/m² (average 48.5 ± 8.8). All have associated diseases, the most frequent being systemic arterial hypertension, sleeping disorders and osteopathies. The most frequent psychiatric disorders were: 47.8 percent generalized anxiety disorder, 29.9 percent major depressive disorder, single episode, 34.3 percent recurrent major depressive disorder. In this group 56.7 percent showed BED (25.4 percent moderate and 31.3 percent severe) and the worse scores in all the domains of quality of life (SF-36 scale). CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of BED. The compulsive eaters showed a higher number of obesity treatments, higher prevalence of actual major depression, and the worse scores in all the domains of the SF-36 scale. Considering the ample range of psychopathology associated with BED and the greater probability of jeopardizing the surgery results it is very important to improve the detection of these disorders in order to provide adequate treatment.

Depressão em esquizofrenia / Depression in schizophrenia

Realizou-se uma revisäo da literatura acerca da presença de depressäo em pacientes esquizofrênicos e, em particular, da depressäo pós-esquizofrênica (DPE). A pesquisa foi realizada por meio do Medline, envolvendo os anos de 1966 e 2000, com o objetivo de identificar artigos originais e de revisäo. Focalizaram-se os seguintes tópicos: dados históricos, principais estudos, quadro clínico e curso evolutivo, diagnóstico e diagnóstico diferencial, etiopatogenia e prognóstico. Conclui-se que a depressäo pós-esquizofrênica tem plena autonomia sindrômica, deve ser considerada uma manifestaçäo clínica das formas delirantes da esquizofrenia e integra o curso evolutivo de um transtorno esquizofrênico

Characterization of depressive syndrome in schizophrenic outpatients

OBJECTIVE: The authors carried out a cross-sectional study with the aim of characterizing and describing depressive pictures in schizophrenic patients seen at the Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of the Federal University of Pernambuco (HC-UFPE). The patients had the diagnosis of schizophrenia confirmed on the basis of the operating criteria of the DSM-IV. METHODS: Those who where in the period of stabilization of the clinical picture were selected for the study defined according the following criteria:the last psychotic episode must be happened two months before at least, and during this period the alterations of the antipsychotics doses had been lower than 5 mg of haloperidol or equivalent doses of others neuroleptics. A total of one hundred and four patients took part. Following the identification of the depressive symptoms using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), thirty-one patients (29.8 percent) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria described in the DSM-IV. Of these, 22.1 percent had the diagnosis of major depression and 7.7 percent of minor depression according the DSM-IV. Two groups were constituted: Group A, schizophrenics with a depressive syndrome, and Group B, schizophrenics without such a syndrome. An assessment was made of the distribution of the symptoms of the CDSS scores in both groups, the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic variables in relation to the frequency of the depressive syndrome, and the patients clinical course. For the investigation of certain clinical features, the following tools were used: problem list (psychosocial stressors) contained in axis IV of the DSM-IV intended to detect the presence of factors triggering the initial episode of schizophrenia and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF -- Axis V -- DSM-IV) to characterize the current functioning of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained allowed the authors to draw the following conclusions: all the items that comprise the Brazilian version of the CDSS were statistically significant in characterizing the depressive syndrome; a comparison of the sociodemographic and therapeutic variables revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups, and this was also the case with the majority of the clinical features. Statistically significant differences, however, were found in relation to the greater frequency of life events (psychosocial stressors)...

Comorbidade no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo

Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that obsessive-compulsive disorder frequently occurs with comorbid disorders. Comorbidity with anxiety and mood disorders, substance abuse or dependence, somatoform, impulse control and tic disorders deserve special attention. In this paper a review of the concept, epidemiological findings, social and occupational functioning, and sequence of comorbid disorders in OCD is presented